Supporting information (online component) for


"A global assessment of street-network sprawl"

Barrington-Leigh and Millard-Ball

PLoS One, Nov 2019

"Global trends towards urban street-network sprawl"

Barrington-Leigh and Millard-Ball

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, January 2020

"A high-resolution global time series of street-network sprawl"

Barrington-Leigh and Millard-Ball

Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science, 2024


Here are the main papers and their two (long /detailed) Supplementary Information files:


Our data are browsable in an interactive online map, Sprawlmap.org

There is a (prospectively) Frequently Asked Questions page for the map web site.

Open data sources

Our results are entirely reproducible using open access data, including OpenStreetMap.

There are also a lot more data displayed in various ways in the Supplementary Information PDFs (above).


Data download (2024)

You can now download the micro-level data featured in [2024 paper]. There are three types of data files, all in GPKG format. Below is a menu to help you choose. All data are stored on Data Dryad. You can see all three of these data types integrated into the visual interface at Sprawlmap.org.
  1. Network data (nodes files and edges files)

    You can select them below. Note that the "Rest of the world" file is a complement to the country-specific files. The sizes given are for the edge files; node files are about 1/3 the size.
  2. Regional aggregations according to political boundaries

    GADM has up to five sub-national levels of administrative boundaries. You can download the data for each level below. All files span the whole planet.
  3. Grid cell aggregations

    We have aggregated the data to a 1 km2 grid. This raster is available in two formats: a (vector) centroids file ("sndi_grid.gpkg", 3 GB) and a polygon file ("sndi_grid_vector.gpkg", 5 GB). The former represents each grid cell as a point, while the latter represents each grid cell as a polygon.

Open source code

The entire code base for server setup, data preparation, pre-processing, computation, and analysis for these two research papers is available under a GNU open source license for use by anyone. The code is in Python and SQL. It relies on a PostGIS server and was used with powerful hardware. This entire research project was carried out using open source operating systems, programming languages, manuscript preparation software, etc.

Where does my country / city rank?

You can explore SNDi listings of 200 cities and most countries in sortable tables, here: You can also download the data using the link at the top of each table.

Some graphics and animations

Here's Figure 1 from PNAS 2020, showing our sprawl measure for recently-constructed streets around the world. The inset shows the distribution of our sprawl measure in different time periods

Here's Figure 2 from PNAS 2020, showing some broad, regional, and global trends:

See the papers (and SIs) for more images.

You can make animations yourself at the level of regions or streets, using our interactive online map, Sprawlmap.org.

Evolution of development style over time: country-level
Evolution of development style over time: province/state-level
Evolution of development style over time: sub-sub-national
Sainte Therese, QC, Canada. Explore in our dynamic map
Terrebonne, QC, Canada. Explore in our dynamic map

Some press


Contact

For further questions, please contact:

  • Chris Barrington-Leigh, McGill University: .
  • Adam Millard-Ball, University of California, Santa Cruz: adammb@g.ucla.edu

Chris Barrington-Leigh and Adam Millard-Ball, 2020